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The typical guidebook to Bolivia describes the Altilano as a cold and unhospitable place unsuitable for agriculture, but Google Earth imagery shows a large variety of agricultural systems covering the whole of the Altiplano from the regions bordering Lake Titicaca down to Lake Poopo south of Oruro.
One of the ancient systems of agriculture was called "Suka Kollus", sometimes also called "Camellones" or "Waru Waru". Raised
platforms were created and surrounded by water channels. The water collected heat in the day time and gave it off on the night time thus raising the
local temperature. The water channels were dredged regularly and the mud spread upon the platform increasing the nutrients.
The yield was considerably more than that of the agricultural methods introduced by the Spanish after the Conquest.
Many of the Suka Kollus lay abandoned for centuries as people were also taken off the land, collected into artificial villages or sent down the mines
but experiments in modern times showed how productive the ancient systems had been.
Comment by Alexander Almonte:
"The camellones are called 'suka collos' in Aymara language (elevated furrows) and, from 1986 are known as "waru waru", a Quechua name
from the district of Huata (Erickson -1985). There exists in Puno about 102,440 hectares with remains of camellones (Díaz y Velásquez, 1991). With
respect as to their origins, it is known from archaeological studies that the construction of camellones in Peru began in 1,000 BC.
See also additional studies,
atlantis canals on the Altiplano
canals gallery
Chipaya canals gallery
canals in Peru
Caral, Peru containment canal
Above, an example of the "suka kollus", raised fields surrounded by water channels. Photo: UNAR.
Above, suka kollus. Where some of the old sukka kollus were revived by prof
Alan Kolata and
Oswaldo Rivera, production of crops was greatly increased due to the influence of the water channels raising
the local temperature also preventing destruction by frost. photo: UNAR.
Above, an example of the "suka kollus", irregular raised fields surrounded by water channels, now disused.
Above, suka kollus in region just north of Lake Titicaca.
Above, suka kollus illustrations of construction and use
Above, illustration of construction and use.
Above, suka kollus being reconstructed. Photos: UNAR
Above, suka kollus being reconstructed. Photos: UNAR
The camellones produce their own fertilser giving abundant crops.
Above, suka kollus oblique views
Abandoned suka kollus in the region of Acora, Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Huerfano Pajarillo .
Abandoned suka kollus in the region of Acora, Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Huerfano Pajarillo .
Abandoned suka kollus in the region of Acora, Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Huerfano Pajarillo .
Above, suka kollus in Peru
Above, suka kollus in Peru
Above, suka kollus in Peru different imagery date
Above, suka kollus in Peru
Above, suka kollus in Peru
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru
Above, closer view, different date.
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru, the Atlantis circular pattern is obvious
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru, reminiscent of the Atlantis circles
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru, reminiscent of the Atlantis circles
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru, reminiscent of the Atlantis circles
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru, reminiscent of the Atlantis circles
Above, circular suka kollus in Peru
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels in the region of Acora, Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Huerfano Pajarillo .
Note, there are no land bridges between the channels, therefore they must have used boats and just like Plato said of Atlantis,
"Cutting a channel
leading from circle to circle, large enough for the boats to pass through."
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels in the region of Acora, Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Alexander Almonte.
Note, at this site, there do appear to be bridges over the water circles, just like Plato said of Atlantis,
"They bridged over the water circles and also cut channels
leading from circle to circle."
"A los camellones se les denomina 'suka collos' en el idioma aymara (surcos elevados) y, desde 1986, se les conoce como 'waru waru', topónimo quechua
del distrito de Huata (Erickson -1985). Existen en Puno, alrededor de 102.440 hectáreas con vestigios de camellones (Díaz y Velásquez, 1991). Respecto
a sus orígenes, se conoce por estudios arqueológicos que la construcción de los camellones en Puno se inició en el año 1.000 a.C."
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric plots of land separated by dried up water channels in Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Jois Mantilla.
Above, since all of the Altiplano constitutes the site of the original Atlantis,
should it be surprising to find suka kollus in concentric rings reminiscent of the ancient culture?
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels near Acora in Peru close to lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Rafa Mercado.
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels in Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Rafa Mercado.
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels at Acota in Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Rafa Mercado.
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels at Acota in Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Rafa Mercado.
Abandoned suka kollus - Vestiges of Atlantis in Peru?
from a
video
by Rafa Mercado.
Abandoned suka kollus with concentric rings of land separated by water channels in the region of Acora, Peru near lake Titicaca
from a
video
by Huerfano Pajarillo .
The expedition of Josh Gates, "Adventures Unknown" and which has been named
"Atlantis of the Andes"
found and filmed stuctures under Lake Wiñaymarca, stones and walls which they declared to be "multiple buildings down here."
Thus confirming the
Legend of the Desaguadero,
a Bolivian legend which tells of a city punished by the gods and sunk beneath the sea (lake) - surely the origins of Plato's Atlantis.
Camellones and artificial ponds in Beni region of Bolivia
geoforms - geoglyphs and other agricultural landforms
agricultural variations on the Altiplano
ringed hilltops
earthquakes
contour forms/irrigation Peru
contourforms/irigation Bolivia
Bombo earthquake route
Bombo route oblique views
Paria, Oruro containment canals
canal to sea (lago UruUru)
Tabasco, Mexico canals gallery
Pantanal
rio Paraguay levees canals
rio Parana canals, ponds and islands
rio Parana delta canals
Corrientes
rio Amazon to Manaus
rio Amazon west from Manaus
rio Orinocco to Amazon canal
flooding dates on the Altiplano
Atlantis stones gallery
Atlantis stade - Egyptian and Sumerian cubits
Tiwanaku cubits
Peru cubits and calendar
cubits between altiplano canals
J.M.Allen 2017 and 2019
Teotihuacan measuring unit
Teotihuacan citadel measuring units
Chichen Itza and El Castillo measuring units
Monte Alban, measuring units
the Tiwanaku soli-lunar calendar
the Muisca calendar
Decoding the quipu mathematics
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