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Atlantis Bolivia - page 3, Bolivian legend of Atlantis and the discovery of "America"
The Atlantic Island, also called "Atlantis", remained lost from knowledge until 1492 when rediscovered
by Christoper Columbus sailing west in an attempt to reach the Indies.
Columbus had with him a map and believed he had reached what he called the "Indias" but Americo Vespucci was
first to identify the newly discovered lands as a "new" continent, or "New World"
The continent opposite the Pillars of Hercules which Columbus found
was considered a "New World" by Amerigo Vespucci.
Above, satellite imagery shows the island "as large as Libya and Asia combined and opposite
the Pillars of Hercules"
called "Atlantis" by Plato and a "New World" by Amerigo Vespucci.
In 1507 the German cartographer Waldseemuller produced a world map on twelve panels which included the newly found continent. He decided to name the continent "America" in honour of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci who was first to recognise that the continent was a continent in it's own right, instead of being part of Asia as Columbus had thought.
Panel 1 has an inscription....
detail from the 1507 Waldseemuller map showing South America
conceived of as an island and with the name "America".
America named by Waldseemuller after Amerigo Vespucci.
This copper globe (the Hunt-Lenox globe) about 5 inches in diameter is tentatively dated to 1510
and shows South America as an island.
The Hunt-Lenox globe (1510) shows South America as an island.
(The New York Public Library, Rare Book Division, from the Lenox Library.)
The Schoner globe of 1520 continued to show South America as an island.
By 1533 Schoner considered North and South America to be an eastern extension of Asia
but commented that both Columbus and Vespuuci had thought of South America as an island.
So the newly discovered continent came to be called America, but at the same time many people thought that what Christopher Columbus had in fact discovered was Atlantis, also known as "the Atlantic Island". The first book to mention this was "The History of the Indies" [27]by Franciso Lopez de Gomara. Published in 1552, the book was banned the following year and not reprinted until 1727.
The next book to definitivly state that South America was Atlantis was
"The Discovery and History of Peru" by Agustín Zarate, (1556) who also stated that
Plato's "years" were not "years" but "months".
"So far Plato, although he says a little later that nine thousand years before he wrote the power
of the waters so increased in those seas that in a day and a night the island was submerged, drowning
the lands and population, and leaving the sea so full of mud-banks and shallows, that it was never
navigable again. No one could then travel to the other islands or to the mainland.
All commentators on Plato accept this history as true. The majority, Marsiglio Ficino and Plantin in
particular, deny that it is an allegory, though some give it an allegorical sense, as Marsiglio himself
mentions in his Notes on the Timaeus. Plato's computation of nine thousand years is no argument that it
is a fable; for according to Eudoxus these were not solar but lunar years, reckoned by the Egyptian
calendar. The time was therefore nine thousand months or seven hundred
and fifty years"
"The islands mentioned by Plato as visited by traders are surely Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica
and others in that region; and the mainland facing them is what we know today as the Tierra Firme and all
its provinces, starting from the Magellan straits and running north to the land of Peru, the province
of Popayan, Castilla de Oro, Veragua, Nicaragua, Guatemala, New Spain, the Seven Cities, Florida and
the Cod islands, and running up from there to join Norway. Beyond all doubt, there is more land here
than in all the populated earth known to us before its discovery. And it is not difficult to understand
why it was not discovered before now by the Romans or other nations which at various times occupied Spain.
For we must suppose that the seas remained so rough as to prevent navigation."
"I believe it was Plato's authority that led to the discovery of these lands, and that they can certainly
be identified with the mainland of which he speaks. For they show all the signs that he attributes to his
continent, particularly that of being close to the true sea, which is what we now properly call the Southern Sea.
For so far as we have sailed it at present, the whole Mediterranean and so much as we know of the ocean vulgarly
called the Northern Sea are by comparison rivers." [30]
This was also repeated in
"The History of the Incas" [29] written by the great historian and classical
scholar Sarmiento de Gamboa following an
official inquest into the true
history of the Incas
with the backing of the Viceroy of Peru. Sarmiento de Gamboa's book
clearly states that South America was Atlantis and at the time he was
writing was known by the names of "the western Indies of Castile or
America also called Atlanticus or the Atlantic Island". So the continent was also known sometimes
as "New Castile", "New Spain" or "Atlanticus", or "the Atlantic island", then latterly,
"America".
Sarmiento de Gamboa's book was sent to Philip II, king of Spain in 1572
and never heard of again being LOST for 300 years
We are all familiar with Atlantis being called "Atlantis", which allows its modern displacement to
such places as Thera which is totally unconnected with the original description. But going back for example to
an early translation by Henry Davis (1854), the island is merely called "the Atlantic island."
The first map to show South America as Atlantis appears to be that of Sebastian Münster as part of his Cosmografia.
The
Atlantis Island remained a popular name and was shown as such on maps
made by the French cartographer Nicolas Sanson and further embellished with the Atlantis legend by his son Guillermo Sanson in Paris in the years around 1661.
The idea that Columbus discovered
"America" was promoted by the Spanish crown in order to justify a conquest of territories already occupied
by others, and both Charles V and Philip II burned all records of previous contact according to the duchessa.
(This would also explain why the books of Francisco Lopez de Gomara and Sarmiento de Gamboa were banned)
South America is indeed a "land of many waters" and the way of life was a water-based culture
Following the Declaration of Independence by the United States
in 1776 the name "America" (initially applied only to South America) became universally adopted and the name of
Atlantis forgotten until resurrected in modern times.
No attention was
given to the fact that the southern continent already had an indigenous
name given by the Incas before the Conquest. Their name for the
continent was "Tahuantinsuyo" meaning "land of the four quarters".
Atl is an Aztec word meaning "water" and the combination of
"atl" and "antis"
an excellent name for this continent since large parts of it are in
fact under water in the wet season with severe flooding throughout
Amazonia and Beni regions.
Antis is an Inca word meaning "copper" which could refer to the
abundance of copper on the continent or the people themselves who are
also copper coloured and a tribe of natives living to this day on the
eastern slopes of Peru are known as the "Antis". The very name of the
Andes themselves is also thought to be a corruption of the word
"Antis" and one of the quarters of the Inca Empire was called "Antisuyo" meaning the kingdom of the Antis.
Explanation of the name "Atlantis" by Roman Morales Zenteno, a native of Orinoco, the village next to the Atlantis site at Pampa Aullagas.
It is more
probable that the Antis indians were displaced due to the earthquakes and floods
which Plato mentioned so that as Sir Francis Bacon mentioned, they descended to lower territories.
In "The New Atlantis" by Sir Francis Bacon,
it is related how after the great flood which drowned Atlantis, the survivors threw off their heavy clothes and descended from their high plateau
to live in lower territories... "the Great Atlantis was utterly lost and destroyed not by a
great earthquakes as your man saith.... but by a particular Deluge or Inundation. But it is true, that the
same inundation was not deep; not past forty feet in most places from the ground. So that although
it destroyed man and beast generally,
yet some few wild inhabitants of the wood escaped. and having in their mountain regions been used
to clothe themselves with the skins of tigers, bears and great hairy goats, when after they came
down into the valley, they found the intolerable heats which are there, and knowing no means of
lighter apparel they were forced to begin the custom of going naked, which continueth to this day.
Only they take great delight in the feathers of birds."
So according to Bacon, Atlantis did not sink into the sea in the sense of the land being destroyed by earthquakes and submerging,
but was instead submerged by rising waters of an inundation or flood... If we go back to an earlier work by the Spanish historian
Augustin de Zarate (The history of the Discovery and Conquest of Peru, 1555) he tells us "Plato wrote the power of the waters so increased in those seas that in a day and a night
the island was submerged, drowning the lands and the population..."
Now if we go to the "Atlantic Island", as described above, and we go to the region bordering on the Antis as
described above, we find that most remarkable of all, a Bolivian legend called
"The Legend of the Desaguadero"
tells of a city
on the edge of a lake, punished by the gods and submerged by the sea, in exactly
the same manner as Plato's.
In the Bolivian legend, Tunupa, the Aymara god also known in Quechua
(language of the Incas) as Pachacamac or Viracocha was the Andean god of the waterways, lakes and rivers
(i.e. the sea god) and a teacher of mankind - just as in Greek legend the equivalent god was Poseidon.
Tunupa/Pachacamac tried to persuade the people from
their degenerate ways but failed so the chief of the gods
decided to punish the city and sent against it thunder, lightning and storms and
it sank beneath the rising waters of the sea (lake).
Tunupa/Pachacamac was cast adrift in Lake Titicaca
in a reed boat, but the boat travelled to the south bursting through the southern shore of lake Titicaca and
opening up a waterway which became the River Desaguadero until
Tunupa/Pachacamac arrived at Pampa Aullagas where he disappeared beneath the waters of the lake.
Message from Eduardo Montaña of AtlantisBolivia
There
are local variations of the story and in the region of Pampa Aullagas
it is said that Tunupa later re-appeared in female form and married a
god who lived on a nearby hill, later creating the ringed formations at
Pampa Aullagas (just as in Plato's story, Poseidon married a woman who
lived on a hill and created the ringed defences of Atlantis).
So here we have the origin of Plato's legend of Atlantis - an adaptation of
a Bolivian Legend.
Over thousands of years, the Altiplano has periodically been submerged by a series of vast lakes, or inland seas,
Above, the Altiplano was submerged by Lake Tauca around 14,000 - 8,000 BC (dates and phases vary
according to different authors). The lower part of the Atlantis mountain and the land surrounding it would have "dissapeared beneath the sea"
whilst the mountain was substantially demolished by earthquakes.
It is now thought the flooding was due to increased rainfall.
There may also have been a later flooding but of briefer duration and thus not recorded.
Many native American cultures did not drain the land in order to plant crops, instead they preferred to flood the
land and live in semi-aquatic environments. An example is the Chipaya who live in the centre of the rectangular Altiplano,
previously living in small round huts which were only a few inches above the ground which being level, flooded easily.
Also in Plato's version, the wife of Poseidon had five
pairs of twin sons and in Inca legend, after a great flood, Viracocha
"adopted" five pairs of sons. Viracocha incidentally means "Spume of the Sea". Other legends say the first Incas were born as
pairs of brothers/sisters.
In the region around lake Titicaca, legends talk of a city submerged beneath the waters of the lake.
Previous diving attempts revealed nothing, but in the year 2,000 the Akakor expedition discovered ancient walls
submerged under lake Titicaca.
Gomara's statement clearly identifies the Americas, called then "las Indias" as the Atlantis of Plato.
"Plato tells, in the dialogues Timaeus and Critias, that there was in ancient times in the Atlantic Sea
and Ocean great lands and an island called Atlantis, larger than Africa and Asia, affirming those lands to
be truly terra firma and extensive, and that the kings of that island ruled over a great part of Africa and
Europe. Then with a great earthquake and rain the island sank, drowning the people, and there remained
so much mud that the Atlantic sea was no longer navigable. Some people take this for a fable, and many
others for a true history; and Proculus, as Marsilius tells us, alleges certain histories of Ethiopia
which were made by one Marcellus, which are confirmed to be true. But there is no need to dispute or
doubt of the island of Atlantis, thus the discovery and conquest of the Indies clarify clearly that
which Plato wrote of those lands, and in Mexico water is called atl, a word which appears, although
it may no longer exist, to be from the island. Thus we can say that the Indies are the islands and
terra firma of Plato ....."
He also tells us the New World was described by several ancient writers.
"We have indicated in another place that which Democrito, Herodotus, Plato, Seneca and many others thought and wrote about the New World."
Atlantis: the Atlantic Island
the Spanish historian Zarate (1556) prefered the latinised form of Atlantis, Atlanticus.
above, Atlantis was "the Atlantic Island", in other words, if we are talking about
the "Atlantic Island" instead of "Atlantis",
it would be pretty stupid to try calling Thera "the Atlantic Island", but using only the form, "Atlantis"
they can get away with it.
above, the originl translation of 1484 in Latin by Marcelio Ficino says "Atlanticam insulam" which means "Atlantic Island".
Sarmiento de Gamboa writing in "The History of the Incas refers to Atlantis as "the Atlantic Island".
Sarmiento de Gamboa identifies Atlantis or the Atlantic Island with Peru and America.
Sarmiento de Gamboa identifies Atlantis as Atlantica, i.e. the Atlantic Island. (in Spanish, isla Atlantica).
Jose de Acosta in 1590 identifies Atlantis as America and the "True Sea" as the Southern Ocean i.e. the Pacific Ocean.
the Jowett translation tells us Atlantis was the Atlantic Island.
the more modern Desmond Lee translation tells the whole island took the name or designation Atlantic.
Above, the Atlantic Island, also known as Atlanticus or Atlantis,
after the rediscovery by Columbus known
as "New Spain" or "New Castile" then "America"
and by various ancient sources as "The Garden of the Hesperides", "the island of Calypso", "the red island of Erytheia" etc
above, Map of the New World by Sebastian Münster, 1540. Beneath the word "ORBIS", it says "Insula Atlantica" meaning "Atlantic Island"
above, later edition, Map of the New World by Sebastian Münster, 1561, showing the name "Insula Atlantica" - "Atlantic Island"
above, Detail of the Münster map showing the New World , it appears to say the "Atlantic Island, also known as Brasil or America".
The "Atlantis Insula" or map of "Atlantis Island" by French cartographer Guillermo Sanson, 1661.
Is America an island? The Duchess of Medina Sidonia tells us that when the Spanish first went there,
… "The natives of the Islands of the Indies (name for South America in the sixteenth century)
described their habitat as an island with an endless coast, which you could not circumnavigate in forty months"
America, Tahuantinsuyo,
the Four quarters of the World or of the Antis
Location of Atlantis and Antisuyo in the empire of Tahuantinsuyo
Atl and Antis, a "waterworld" culture and copper
This satellite imaging photos shows how large parts of Amazonia are under water in the wet season.
This image shows how large parts of south America are under water in the wet season, making it a "waterworld"
South America is a continent full of rivers which are vital arteries
for transportation and in the wet season vast tracts of land become submerged making it a truly a watery continent...
The "atl" meaning "water" part of Atlantis is aptly named....
Dear Jim, it's certain that you know that Orinoca are aimaras, I would like to comment to you that when I was a child, my mother showed me
the mountains, letting me understand them as the ANTI, which in reality comes from ANTA which also signifies a GROUP, for example we ourselves
in aimara say "mä suma anta" which is to say a good group or troupe; to understand in Spanish is a group of hills or mountains, in other words
CORDILLERA (mountain range); and for the other part AT comes from ATI, which refers to the back of the neck, and could also be the back, or the
sunset, then interpreting the word ATLANTI or AT ANTI, the mountain range of South America, is located in the side ATI (back or sunset) of the
whole continent, allow me to affirm that that name comes from this; including the deduction that the first Incas were aimara speakers, almost
puquinas (another local original language); but to understand the word Tawantinsuyo (name of the Inca empire), first TAWA is the number four in
quechua, ANTI is mountain range and SUYO territory, signifying FOUR TERRITORIES OF THE MOUNTAIN REGION: COLLASUYU, CHINCHASUYU, ANTISUYU, CUNTISUYU.
These last are in the aimara language. Thus, we deduce that ANTI, is ANDE or the ANDES in Spanish;
Roman Morales Zenteno
Atlantis name explantion in Aymara, the native language of the Collasuyo and Altiplano.
Atlantis and the Kingdom of the Antis in Antisuyo at the time of the Inca empire.
Map showing the location of "Antis" in Peru.
Map showing the location of "Antis" in Peru at the time of the Conquest.
Antis indians of 1869, Peru
"Tiahuanacu" by Belissario Diaz Romero, Bolivia, 1906 tells us that the Antis were
the first inhabitants of the Titicaca region, and from them came the name
of the "Antis" mountain range, later corrupted to "Andes" by the Spanish conquerors.
Belissario Diaz Romero also tells us that the name "Tahuantinsuyo" of the Incas,
strictly speaking means "the region of the four Antis"
Belissario Diaz Romero thought that the Antis indians were descended from Atlanteans and
were the original founders
of Tiwanaku, but were later displaced by the incoming Aymara tribes. He also misplaced Atlantis as being
in the Atlantic Ocean without realising that the region itself formed part of the original Atlantis
and there is no need to look for a race incoming from elsewhere.
Atlantis legend has origins in Bolivin legend
Tunupa disappears beneath the waters of Lake Poopo near Pampa Aullagas
"The 21st of June I was in a rowing boat on lake Wiñaymarca (the smaller part of the lake to the south of Lake Titicaca) celebrating the Andino New Year.
In the early hours of the morning with the first rays of the sun and a full moon, we found ourselves in the interior of the small lake where we saw these (underwater) structures, which surely belong to the "eternal city" of Wiñaymarca, buried under Lake Titicaca.
Then the Legend of the Desaguadero (of Thunupa) is true."
Stones beneath the waters of lake Wiñaymarca from the eternal city
The flood waters from Lake Titicaca filled lake Wiñaymarca and rushed south, destroying everything in a giant tsunami...
Above, the city is punished by the chief of the Gods,
Illustration from "Legends of Bolivia" by Rene Rojas
Atlantis submerged by the Sea
the most recent being compatible with Plato's timescale.
The Altiplano disappears beneath the sea!
The Altiplano was submerged by the Lake Tauca cycle which lasted from 16,000 to 12,500 BC then by the Lake Coipasa
cycle from 10,500 to 9,900 BC according to Blard 2012
"There were earthquakes and floods of
extraordinary violence, [25d] and in a single dreadful day and night
the island
of Atlantis was swallowed up by the sea and vanished;"
n.b. The Donnelly translation reads...
"there occurred violent earthquakes and floods, and in a single day and night of rain
.. the island of Atlantis ... disappeared, and was sunk beneath the sea."
The level Altiplano floods rapidly especially in the region of Lake Poopo due to an underground water table
and a large number of sink holes and underground channels. Periodically the el niño phenomenon brings severe changes in weather patterns often accompanied by disastrous flooding.
So the first inhabitants of Atlantis were born in pairs and the Inca historian Guaman de Poma
tells us the first inhabitants of the Andes were born in pairs.
Additionally, The Aymara kingdoms which existed on the Altiplano also existed in
pairs, they were twin kingdoms.
orichalcum twins - twins are a common theme in the Andes
remains of
Atlantis, at Pampa Aullagas, "the mountain
that was low on all sides."
Artist's impression "Atlantis on the Altiplano" by
Major Lee Smart
Atlantis at Pampa Aullagas, Artist's illustration from
"Atlas of Atlantis".
Akakor expedition finds 660ft long temple under Lake Titicaca
Then in the year 2004 Akakor returned to Bolivia and found more walls beneath Lake Titicaca.
In 2009, a press release by the Akakor expeditions related discoveries under Lake Titicaca to Atlantis.
Akakor video footage transcription of akakor video
Quote "At 120 meters depth we discovered roads and containing walls (probably used for agricultural purposes), all of which go back to 6,000 years ago....." Akakor Press release 2004...
If walls were found beneath Lake Titicaca which date back to 4,000BC then certainly there must have been people
in other parts of the Altiplano at the same time so currently accepted dating for the region must be wrong....
So now we have the possibility of a city sunken beneath lake Titicaca which would push civilisation in the Andes back several thousands of years, but there is also the recent discovery of pyramids at Caral in Peru which date to 2627BC, contemporary with the oldest pyramids in Egypt and older than Cheop's Great Pyramid in Egypt. Even more recently, remains of a 5,500 yrs old plaza were uncovered. In other words, at the same time as the ancient civilisation of Egypt, there was also an ancient civilisation in the Americas.
<
click for Caral wikipedia article
click for Caral oldest city in New World article
Coming back to a region nearer to the Altiplano, mummies found near Arica in Chile are also older than the oldest mummies in Egypt. Similarities also exist in the type of boats made of reeds found in Bolivia, Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Above (left) drawing of a reed ship from a cave in the Egyptian Eastern desert
Above (right) model of a traditional Bolivian reed ship from the museum in La Paz
Atlantis and pre-Columbian artefacts
A large stone bowl found on the shores of Lake Titicaca also suggests an ancient connection between the Andes and Mesopotamia since it is covered in proto-Sumerian writing.
The discovery of the Fuente Magna, a large stone dish covered in proto-cuneiform writing from the shores of LAKE TITICACA
offers two possibilities. One, that it was brought to the Andes by the proto-Sumerians, or two, that the Sumerians themselves
originated here.
Click for original report
There is a mindset that totally denies any possibility that any of the Ancients could have crossed the oceans and that there could have been some contact at any time between the ancient Americas and the "Old World". But the similarity of artefacts found in the ancient Americas and in the Old World suggests there was indeed at some times or at various times contact. Take for example the amphoras shown below. The amphora is a common Mediterranean object, yet the reader may be surprised to learn that of the examples below, the oldest comes from China. There again, if the reader had to guess which examples came from the Old World and which from the New World, it would be a difficult task due to their similarity.
Yet if we say that some examples are from China and some Roman or Greek, that is acceptable and logical because it is acceptable that an idea such as an amphora could spread from China to the Mediterranean or vice versa. But it seems not acceptable that an idea could spread from China to the ancient Americas, mainly because it is not written about in the history books.
above left, stone age pre-Columbian axe, Bolivia, right, axe from Cyprus 1100BC.
above, left, typical Peruvian pottery, above right typical Andean pottery found in
CYPRUS and believed to have been imported between 1650 and 1050BC.
above, Eduardo Montaño discovers three of these round stones at the ancient
site of Pumiri (April 2014), to the west of Oruro on the Altiplano. The stones appear to
be covered in fossilised lake deposits from the time the Altiplano was flooded
and they also appear to have been shattered by earthquakes.
above, stone wheel or circular door? left, from Tiwanaku, above right stone door in underground city at Derinkuyu, Turkey.
click for underground city of Derinkuyu page
When the conquistadors arrived off the coast of Peru, they found the native Americans using giant sea-going rafts which instead of using keels and rudders, controlled the direction of the vessel by means of retractable dagger boards (F and G above), a system unknown at the time in Europe.
At a time when Europeans were using inefficient square sails, native Americans used triangular sails which could sail better to windward and which later became the basis for the "Bermudan" sailing rig popular in today's sailing yachts...